{"id":10932,"date":"2023-01-26T20:11:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T00:11:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/?page_id=10932"},"modified":"2023-04-27T04:19:59","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T08:19:59","slug":"faqs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/faqs\/","title":{"rendered":"Frequently Asked Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1681593206259{padding-bottom: 10% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;General Technical Questions&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_tta_accordion active_section=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What is water electrolysis&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777032570-12d5976b-1acf&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Hence the name H2O.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;How does an electrolyser work?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777323444-57b5fe15-6a6c&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrolysis takes place within a unit known as an electrolyser. An electrolyser consists of a negatively charged cathode and a positively charged anode, separated by an electrolyte.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The electrolyte can be solid metal material such as zirconium as in the case of Polymer Exchange Membrane electrolysers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The electrolyte can also be a liquid alkaline solution of potassium or sodium hydroxide as in the case of Alkaline electrolysers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10955 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image1.png 512w, https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image1-300x244.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The process of electrolysis:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Water reacts at the anode to form oxygen and positively charged hydrogen ions (protons).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The electrons flow through an external circuit and the hydrogen ions selectively move across the PEM to the cathode.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the cathode, hydrogen ions combine with electrons from the external circuit to form hydrogen gas.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anode Reaction: 2H2O \u2192 O2 + 4H+ + 4e-\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cathode Reaction: 4H+ + 4e- \u2192 2H2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What is renewable energy?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777417419-32a184d5-cbc0&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renewable energy is energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed. Such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydro and biomass.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What are the qualities of hydrogen?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777441121-d199a397-c039&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen is the simplest, most abundant element in the universe.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is very light and has the lowest molecular weight of all elements.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is odourless, colourless and tasteless. It is highly permeable, flammable and easily ignited.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen has a high energy content by weight but the energy density per volume is low at standard pressure and temperature.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This has a direct impact for storage and would require hydrogen to be compressed and stored under pressure or converted to cryogenic liquid hydrogen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What are the different types of hydrogen?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777475519-c5d161a3-f5ac&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no universally accepted colour spectrum for hydrogen and even up to a rainbow of nine colours have been used to describe hydrogen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IRENA has simplified the different types of hydrogen as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Grey Hydrogen<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>:<\/strong> Is hydrogen produced through the Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) of natural gas or through coal gasification. Coal gasification is the most carbon intensive method of producing hydrogen and brown\/black hydrogen is often used to describe hydrogen produced through this process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Blue Hydrogen<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>:<\/strong> Is hydrogen produced through SMR of natural gas or coal gasification, but the carbon dioxide that is produced is captured and stored or processed for industrial use (carbon capture utilization and storage). CCUS however, does not result in all of the carbon dioxide being captured.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Turquoise Hydrogen<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>:<\/strong> Is hydrogen extracted by using the thermal splitting of methane via methane pyrolysis. This is an emerging field and has not yet been proven on an industrial level.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Green Hydrogen<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>:<\/strong> Is hydrogen produced via the electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10950\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10950\" style=\"width: 407px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10950 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-2-e1674778653128.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"407\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-2-e1674778653128.png 407w, https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/image-2-e1674778653128-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10950\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: IRENA 2021Making the Breakthrough Green Hydrogen Policies and Technology Costs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10951 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/imag-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/imag-3.png 512w, https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/imag-3-300x214.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What are the main risks with hydrogen?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815770141-f4c6ed5a-bc8c&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As with all fuels, there is a level of danger associated with hydrogen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By nature hydrogen is non-toxic. Also, hydrogen is very light as compared to air which would allow it to dissipate easily.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By understanding the properties of hydrogen, specific engineering controls and procedures can be implemented to ensure its safe use and to minimise the risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>PROPERTIES<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>DESIGN IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen is very light and has the lowest molecular weight of all chemical species\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Hydrogen will disperse easily when released<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0&#8211; Low molecular weight can impact performance of rotating machinery<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Material selection needs to cater for hydrogen embrittlement potential<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen is odorless, colorless and tasteless<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Difficult for humans to detect<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0&#8211; Automated detection methods must be employed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Adequate ventilation required<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen is highly flammable and easily ignited<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Adequate separation from ignition sources<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0&#8211; Fire protection measures must consider the potential for re-ignition and explosion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen burns with a high temperature, nearly invisible flame<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Difficult to detect fire<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Due diligence must be applied in the selection of fire and gas detection devices<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What are the uses for green hydrogen?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815842784-48a8d74d-b5eb&#8221;][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-10958 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/imag4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"512\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/imag4.png 512w, https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/imag4-300x172.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;Is water electrolysis a new technology?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815923277-035a2853-4948&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrogen production via water electrolysis is a proven mature technology, around for approximately 100 years. However, the electrolysers produced and in operation are on the small scale and not in the MW range. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][vc_empty_space][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;NewGen Project Technical Questions&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_tta_accordion active_section=&#8221;1&#8243; collapsible_all=&#8221;true&#8221;][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What is the NewGen Project about?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815972042-4c471186-511e&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NewGen Project involves the development of a Hydrogen Production Facility to produce hydrogen through the electrolysis of water using renewable and energy-efficient power sources.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Raw water for the electrolysis will be supplied from the nation\u2019s public utility company, Water &amp; Sewerage Authority (WASA).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electricity will be supplied from another public utility company, Trinidad &amp; Tobago Electricity Commission (T&amp;TEC) grid network, via redundant 220kV, 60Hz transmission lines.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Power to the facility will be allocated from a combination of green power from the Lightsourcebp solar power facility, and carbon neutral power from converting simple cycle machines at PowerGen to combined cycle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What is the significance of the project for T&amp;T?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815972111-651d131b-c1fa&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trinidad and Tobago is the largest industrial base in the Caribbean and is one of the world&#8217;s largest exporters of ammonia and methanol. Consequently, Trinidad &amp; Tobago is ranked within the top 5 in CO2 emissions per capita in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is currently a shortage of natural gas to supply the downstream petrochemical industry.\u00a0 Additionally, the cost of natural gas production has escalated in Trinidad recently.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hydrogen produced from the NewGen facility increases the availability of feedstock, while simultaneously providing a greener input compared to hydrogen produced via steam reforming of natural gas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serves as a catalyst to decarbonize the energy sector and accelerate the transition to a hydrogen economy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assists in decarbonizing the petrochemical sector and secures its viability by providing a greener hydrogen feedstock<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Results in reduced GHGs as ammonia is produced through a greener feedstock<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps T&amp;T achieve Paris agreement targets<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resolidifies T&amp;T position as a leader in the energy sector<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Efficiency gains\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;How much power is required and where will it be allocated from?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815972180-4e7de5a0-7245&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This project requires 130MW of power which will be allocated from a combination of renewable energy power and energy-efficient power.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renewable energy from new Lighsourcebp solar facilities at Brechin Castle and Orange Grove<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Energy-efficient power by retrofitting existing simple cycle machines at PowerGen Pt Lisas\u00a0 to combined cycle machines where waste heat which is currently vented to the atmosphere is captured and used for additional power generation with negligible increase in GHGs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The power required for the project will be produced for the project and therefore would not negatively impact the nation\u2019s energy supply to existing residential, commercial and industrial customers.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;How much water is needed for the electrolysis process?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815972251-3d15f785-9f76&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Approximately 160,000 gpd of water is required for the electrolysis process which will be supplied from WASA. This accounts for approximately 0.1% of the nation\u2019s water supply.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, there will be a consequent reduction in the water demand at the ammonia facility as hydrogen produced through the steam methane reforming process will be displaced by hydrogen produced through electrolysis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Essentially, there will be a net zero increase in overall water demand.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What is the CO2 reduction that this project will achieve?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674815972319-43f81e2b-bf1a&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NewGen facility will not cause the release of greenhouse gas emissions from the production of hydrogen via electrolysis.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The product carbon footprint for the facility is directly influenced by the carbon intensity of the power sources. The project will utilize renewable power from the Lightsourcebp solar facility and energy-efficient power by retrofitting existing simple cycle machines to combined cycle. As the solar facility will result in zero emissions, the product carbon footprint for the NewGen facility will be determined by the incremental gas consumption associated with the operation of combined cycle machines, which is negligible.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NewGen project will result in an average reduction of\u00a0 165,000 metric tonnes Co2 per year.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1681593206259{padding-bottom: 10% !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;General Technical Questions&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_tta_accordion active_section=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;What is water electrolysis&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777032570-12d5976b-1acf&#8221;][vc_column_text]A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Hence the name H2O. Water electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=&#8221;How does an electrolyser work?&#8221; tab_id=&#8221;1674777323444-57b5fe15-6a6c&#8221;][vc_column_text]Electrolysis takes place within a unit known as an electrolyser. An electrolyser consists of a negatively charged[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10932"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10932"}],"version-history":[{"count":39,"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11152,"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10932\/revisions\/11152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newgenenergyltd.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}